Learn punjabi

Pimsleur Makes Learning Easy. • 30-minute core lessons you can take anywhere with the Pimsleur app, or do at home with Amazon® Alexa®, or on your computer. • Sync progress across devices. • Stream lessons or download to use in offline mode. • Share course with up to 3 additional household members. • Car mode for easy driving and ... Learn Punjabi for free with prerecorded videos, study materials, and quizzes. Start your language journey today and master Hindi at your own <style>.woocommerce-product-gallery{ opacity: 1 !important; }</style> Login Account. Remember Me Sign InMay 25, 2022 ... This is the Introduction to the series of videos where we will learn how to read and write punjabi. this will also be useful in helping to ...Punjabi Grammar. 3. Numbers and Counting. 4. Punjabi vocabulary. 5. Basic sentences in Punjabi. At the end of this course students will develop skills and knowledge in Punjabi language and they can use this language in daily life situations. Students will be able to communicate very fluently in Punjabi language with other people.1.8 The Punjabi sound we transcribe as /t/ is quite different from the English ‘t’. This difference can be easily heard by comparing some Punjabi words with some roughly similar English words. Your instructor will pronounce the following Punjabi words for you. One member of the class should pronounce after each Punjabi word theLearn Punjabi in a minute. Here's how: https://www.facebook.com/ixigo/videos/10155695479138270/For more exclusive content, download the ixigo app:Flights App...Oct 31, 2017 ... Punjab Youth In Action In this video you will learn some basics phrases in Punjabi language, some greetings and daily words that will be ...Feb 25, 2024 ... This video will teach you beginner sentences formed from words. Gurmukhi script and transliterations have been provided. Happy learning Navi ...Start learning Punjabi history, scripts, and grammar, explore top resources, study guides, and tips. Discover the fast, easy, and best way to learn Punjabi now.The vowel holders are grouped with the 35 akhar, or Gurmukhi alphabet consonants. The vowels of Gurmukhi are identical to the Punjabi alphabet and are known as laga matra . In the written Gurmukhi texts, or Punjabi language, vowels which are not preceded by a consonant are preceded instead by a vowel … Our Lifetime Purchase option allows you to own the Pimsleur Punjabi Premium course. Premium contains the core 30-minute conversational lessons and is enhanced with additional interactive tools to help you review course content and get in deeper with the written language. Learn and review easily through the Pimsleur mobile app or web-based app. Aug 26, 2020 ... LEARN PUNJABI WITH CHILDREN FROM THE COMFORT OF YOUR HOME. To begin with, take the time to make a realistic strategy. How frequently will you ...There are several reasons why learning Punjabi can be beneficial and rewarding.Here are a few: Cultural Connection: Punjabi is the native language of the Punjabi people, who have a rich cultural heritage. Learning Punjabi can help you connect with and understand Punjabi traditions, customs, music, dance forms (such as Bhangra), festivals (like …We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Punjabi music has gained immense popularity worldwide, and with the advent of digital platforms, it has become easier than ever to access and download your favorite Punjabi songs i...A few female Romani (Gypsy) names are Lala, Mala and Dooriya. Romani names are similar to names in Hindi, Punjabi and Bengali demonstrating the Romani’s Indo-Aryan origins.Punjabi Class - Collection of approx. 200 videos of Punjabi alphabets, Matra, Punjabi Voacbulary words, Punjabi grammar, Poems, Stories and Application writings. Punjabi Gurmukhi And Grammar - Catrack Kids. Guru Nanak Khalsa School - Remote Learning. ੳ ਅ ੲ Learner. Learning Gurmukhi by Basics of Sikhi. Punjab School Education Board.Jul 4, 2018 ... Learn Punjabi for kids - Animals - Online Punjabi lessons for kids - Dinolingo https://dinolingo.com/The job landscape is ever-changing, make sure you future-proof yourself and start with the best skills to learn for the future. The job landscape is ever-changing, make sure you fu...Learn Punjabi Language today: find your Punjabi Language online course on Udemy. Learn Punjabi Language today: find your Punjabi Language online course on Udemy. Sale ends today | Get courses from instructors who practice what they teach. Starting at $12.99. Ends in 2h 47m 33s.Sep 4, 2018 - Explore Kristin Bishop's board "Learning Punjabi" on Pinterest. See more ideas about learning, learn hindi, language.Punjabi Numbers 41-60. iktali 41. batali 42. tartali 43. chutali 44. pantali 45. chhiali 46. santali 47. athtali 48. unanja 49. panjah 50. ikvanja 51. bavanja 52 ...Jan 31, 2017 · Learn Punjabi speaking for beginners in 5 days in part 3 of 1000 Punjabi sentences. Understand Punjabi words and phrases. In this full Punjabi learning and s... Gurmukhi is made up of 35 letters plus a few additional symbols. The Punjabi alphabet is an abugida which means letters can be made up of a consonant and a vowel. This is different to English where each letter is either a consonant or a vowel. As an example, ਵ is pronounced ‘va’ and ਲ is pronounced ‘la’.The leaders of the Western world think their young citizens should be learning Mandarin Chinese. David Cameron said so late last year. And Barack Obama’s own daughter, Sasha, is le...Introducing Punjabi Pad, the ultimate language learning toy for kids who want to learn Punjabi in a fun and interactive way. With Punjabi Pad, children can learn the Punjabi alphabet, numbers, colors, music, over 250 basic words and phrases, and test their skills with an interactive quiz mode. But that's not all - Punjabi Pad also …Learning effective Gurmukhi, Panjabi, along with our History and basic understanding of Gurbani should not be a challenge, regardless of the culture our children are brought up in. Our children should achieve meaningful progress, confidence, fellowship, belonging, and a sense of responsibility among peers. With more than 15 years of experience ...Learn Gurmukhi. Painti Akhri is a Punjabi term that refers to the Gurmukhi alphabet. The first word "painti" literally means "35" and the word "akhri" means "writing" - It not surprising that there are thirty-five letters in the Gurmukhi alphabet. The word Gurmukhi literally means "from the mouth of the Guru". Gurmukhi is the name of the script ...Jun 3, 2016 ... https://www.17-minute-languages.com/en/pj/ In this video you will learn the most important words in Punjabi. Watch this video on 5 different ... Simply Learn Apps make your life easier when it comes to learning a new language. Extensive. 1000+ phrases in 33 categories. High quality sound. Recorded by a native speaker. Beautiful Design. Simple to navigate and beautiful to look at. May 26, 2023 · Because Punjabi is a tonal language. This means the pitch or tone of a word can change its meaning. In Punjabi, there are three basic tones: high falling, low rising, and level. Let’s use the word ਕੰਨ (‘kann’) as an example. With a high falling tone, it means ‘ear,’ but with a low rising tone, it’s an ‘arrow.’. Learn to speak Punjabi with Pimsleur® Punjabi Language Course 1. This program features 30 streaming or download lessons and iPhone®, iPad®, & Android™ app.Starting Price. Ling app. Engaging Interactive Punjabi Lessons. $8.99/month. Pimsleur. Audio-Driven Punjabi Language Immersion. $19.95/month. Dinolingo. Teaching Punjabi to Children.Learning Punjabi online brings a host of benefits that make it a convenient and effective way to master the language. The flexibility to choose your schedule and learn from the comfort of your own space is a significant advantage. With personalized lessons from qualified tutors, you can tailor your learning experience to match your goals and ...The Punjabi Charm Academy should be an essential part of your Punjabi learning. It has different modules to help you learn Gurmukhi, build vocabulary, understand tenses and begin speaking. The short conversations and stories have audio and text so you can get a ton of listening and reading practice right away.4 days ago · Learn Punjabi hands-free. No typing or swiping needed. Learn while you’re exercising, cooking, commuting, or relaxing at home. You can even stream your Bluebird lessons to smart speakers like Google Home or to your TV. You’ll Learn: * 2,000 high frequency words. (84% of everyday speech includes these powerful words.) About the Project. ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ / sat sri akal / welcome to elearnPunjabi, a complete website for Punjabi learning. The project, which was initiated in August 2016, is primarily targeted for children of Punjabi origin wishing to learn Punjabi, who have been brought up outside India, as well as foreigners wanting to have ... The cost per hour for tutors that teach Punjabi for beginners on Preply varies depending on the tutor's experience and qualifications. On average, the price ranges between $5 and $39 dollars per hour, with an average price of $15 per hour. You can choose a tutor that fits within your budget and offers the expertise you're looking for.InfinitePossibilties,Learn Punjabi. ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਇੱਕ ਇੰਡੋ-ਆਰੀਅਨ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਹੈ ਜੋ ਮੁੱਖ ਤੌਰ ‘ਤੇ ਦੱਖਣੀ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ ਦੇ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਖੇਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੋਲੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ, ਜੋ ਕਿ ਭਾਰਤ ਅਤੇ ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ...The vowel holders are grouped with the 35 akhar, or Gurmukhi alphabet consonants. The vowels of Gurmukhi are identical to the Punjabi alphabet and are known as laga matra . In the written Gurmukhi texts, or Punjabi language, vowels which are not preceded by a consonant are preceded instead by a vowel …Landing a corporate client can potentially lead to exponential growth for your small business. Attend this event to learn how. Landing a corporate client can potentially lead to ex...The Punjabi grammar checker can detect and suggest rectifications for a number of grammatical errors, resulting from the lack of agreement, order of words in various phrases etc., in literary style Punjabi texts.. The grammatical errors covered by this system include – modifier and noun agreement, subject/object and verb …In Punjabi, a short matra/vowel and a long matra/vowel are always found together.A good example of this combination is mukta and kanna, where mukta is the shortest sign of vowel and kanna is the longest one.. Sihari: ਸਿਹਾਰੀ. Sihari is an independent form of vowel, and is the same as the letter “I” in pin or thin.Sihari vowels will now be …How to Learn Punjabi ... There are plenty of ways to learn a language but what we have seen and observed is that you need to practice. There is no other way ...In this video, you'll be taught how read, write and speak the first part of the Punjabi alphabet.Previous: Lesson 00 - The History of Punjabi: http://youtu.b...Our online dance lessons & tutorials make it easy to learn Punjabi dance, Bhangra steps, & embrace Punjabi culture. Join us today! My Account (01) 114 336 321 . Want to Join? call us now! My Account BRINGING BHANGRA TO EVERYONE Bringing Bhangra to Everyone As the premiere, global provider of Bhangra instruction, we make it accessible for all to ...LearnPunjabiCa is a non-profit organization that is committed to providing free learning and mentorship opportunities to young second and third generation immigrant children in order to preserve and promote the Punjabi language and culture among the next generation. Through games, activities, and tutoring, we try to make learning Punjabi ...Sep 4, 2018 - Explore Kristin Bishop's board "Learning Punjabi" on Pinterest. See more ideas about learning, learn hindi, language.The Punjabi language is closely associated with the Sikh religion. Its alphabet, known as Gurmukhi, was the vehicle for recording the teachings of the Sikh gurus. It was invented by the second of the gurus in the 16th century. Gurmukhi means "proceeding from the mouth of the Guru." In Pakistan Punjabi, like Urdu, is written in the Perso-Arabic ...License: Freeware. Total downloads: 73. Operating system: Windows 7/8/10/11. Latest version: 1.9. Download now 2.8 MB. Screenshots. The 1.9.0 version of Punjabi Typing Master is available as a free download on our software library. The current installation package available for download requires 2.8 MB of hard …In Pakistan’s Punjabi, 97% of people speak Punjabi. There are more than 20 Punjabi dialects in Punjab, Pakistan, and throughout Pakistan. Majhi dialect is the most uncomplicated dialect in Punjabi. Punjab, India. 2.4% of the Indian population speak Punjabi as their first language. Thus, 87% of Punjabi Indians speak Punjabi as their first ... Punjabi Learning Resources. Website for online Punjabi Teaching; Online Punjabi Teaching for Beginner; A start in Punjabi :: Audio & Text (e-book) Videos Lectures for Punjabi learning; A start in Punjabi (e-book/.pdf) A Reference Grammar of Punjabi (e-book/.pdf) India's popular film industry definitely does not celebrate diversity. A recent Bollywood flick, Dil Dhadakne Do, deals with the life of super-rich Punjabi Indians and their first-...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Let's Learn Punjabi Vol - 1 By Jasbir kaur Dr.Seasons in Punjabi. Winter – Sardee – ਸਰਦੀ. Fall/Autumn – Patajhar ਪਤਝੜ. Summer – Garmee – ਗਰਮੀ. Spring – Basant – ਬਸੰਤ.Loved by over 5 million language learners all over the world ️Sodhak is a Punjabi or Gurmukhi Spell Checker and Unicode Typing Pad. You can type in Guemukhi using roman, phonetic and remington keboards ਪੈਡ ਆਪਸ਼ਨ ਵੇਖੋ Learn Punjabi with Preply. Whether you're a complete beginner eager to dive into the fascinating world of the Punjabi language or an experienced Punjabi speaker seeking a refresher course, Preply is your ultimate destination for mastering Punjabi online. Learn the Punjabi language the most effective way possible and accelerate your language ... Mar 6, 2019 ... New Member ... This may be very basic, but this is a link to learn simple phrases and words (http://learn101.org/punjabi.php). However, I highly ...Punjabi Language Course – Learn Reading & Writing in an Hour – “Learn Punjabi” Discover the efficient way to learn Punjabi with this comprehensive course. Designed for beginners, this course has a 4.5-star rating and is ideal for those seeking to read and write Gurmukhi (Punjabi), improve pronunciation, and speak Punjabi fluently. This beginner Punjabi course is your passport to understanding and communicating basics in Punjabi. Over the course of your studies, you will delve into four key areas: Introduction and Basic Greetings: In the first module, you will learn the basics of Punjabi which includes introducing yourself, parting and farewell expressions and basic ... learn Punjabi from Nothing to Fluent. you will get the knowledge about how to become Fluent in punjabi as a beginner and how improve your Punjabi conversatio...If you have always wanted to learn Punjabi quickly but find it too overwhelming or complicated then keep reading … Punjabi is a fun language to learn, the problem is most learning materials are costly and make language learning too complicated. They start of good but then advance too quickly. Just …Try Simply Learn Punjabi. Simply Learn Punjabi is designed for travelers who want to explore the Punjab region with relative ease. But even if you don’t have immediate travel plans yet, you’ll find this app handy. With over 1,000 phrases in 30+ categories, Simply Learn Punjabi is a robust phrasebook that can expand your understanding of the language.If you want to learn to speak Punjabi, start by mastering the pronunciation of the different sounds, many of which are nonexistent in …But do tell us, how is "Indian food" even a thing? Food is personal. Sometimes it is national. Not in India, though, given our many sub-nationalities and the many cuisines, ranging...Whether you're a beginner or looking to reinforce your Punjabi language skills, this comprehensive guide is designed to make learning fun and accessible. Inside, you'll find: Punjabi Alphabet: Explore each letter of the Punjabi script with clear, easy-to-follow examples and pronunciation guides with word tracing. This video is an introduction to Punjabi language. You will learn meaning of Punjab, Punjabi, scripts used to write Punjabi, Dialects of Punjabi, and Gurmukh... Learn Punjabi With Ease At eLearn Punjabi. Welcome to eLearn Punjabi – your ultimate destination for mastering the world’s 10th most widely spoken language – Punjabi! …VOLUME-I: VOLUME-II: ISBN: 81-302-0088-0 Pages: 596, Size: 952KB ISBN : 81-302-0099-6 Pages: 1256, Size: 1,012KBLearn Punjabi with video lectures, quizzes, vocabulary and audio material. Explore Punjabi alphabet, grammar, script, culture and history with eLearnpunjabi, a project by Punjab School Education Board.1.8 The Punjabi sound we transcribe as /t/ is quite different from the English ‘t’. This difference can be easily heard by comparing some Punjabi words with some roughly similar English words. Your instructor will pronounce the following Punjabi words for you. One member of the class should pronounce after each Punjabi word theRecommended learning time: only a quick 17 minutes per day . At any time – any place – on any device. With the award-winning long-term memory learning method, you'll always remember Punjabi. Utilizing the innovative superlearning technology, you will achieve 32% faster learning and heightened receptiveness.Watch, listen and learn how to read and write Gurmukhi / Punjabi in 5 ground-breaking lessons. Yes, it is true, after watching and studying these educationa...Over six evenings you will learn basic grammar, vocabulary, greetings, numbers, and simple conversation needed for shopping, ordering food, hiring a taxi, or ...Try Simply Learn Punjabi. Simply Learn Punjabi is designed for travelers who want to explore the Punjab region with relative ease. But even if you don’t have immediate travel plans yet, you’ll find this app handy. With over 1,000 phrases in 30+ categories, Simply Learn Punjabi is a robust phrasebook that can expand your understanding of the language.Punjabi (/ p ʌ n ˈ dʒ ɑː b i / pun-JAH-bee; Shahmukhi: پنجابی; Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ, Punjabi: [pəɲˈdʒab̆.bi] ⓘ), sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab region of Pakistan and India. It is one of the most widely spoken native languages in the world with approximately 113 million native speakers. Punjabi is the most widely-spoken first ...Feb 25, 2024 ... This video will teach you beginner sentences formed from words. Gurmukhi script and transliterations have been provided. Happy learning Navi ...Learn Punjabi speaking for beginners in 5 days in part 3 of 1000 Punjabi sentences. Understand Punjabi words and phrases. In this full Punjabi learning and s...With the rise of digital platforms and streaming services, the popularity of Punjabi movies has reached new heights. Punjabi cinema has come a long way, and now, with the advent of...Let's Learn Punjabi Vol - 1 By Jasbir kaur Dr.Sunday – Aitvaar ਐਤਵਾਰ اتوار. Monday – Somvaar ਸੋਮਵਾਰ سوم وار. Tuesday – Mangalvaar ਮੰਗਲਵਾਰ منگل. Wednesday – Budhvaar ਬੁੱਧਵਾਰ بدھ. Thursday – Veervaar ਵੀਰਵਾਰ جمعرات. Friday – Shukarvaar ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰਵਾਰ جمعہ / شکروار. Saturday ...About the Project. ਸਤਿ ਸ੍ਰੀ ਅਕਾਲ / sat sri akal / welcome to elearnPunjabi, a complete website for Punjabi learning. The project, which was initiated in August 2016, is primarily targeted for children of Punjabi origin wishing to learn Punjabi, who have been brought up outside India, as well as foreigners wanting to have ...Dad’s sister – Bhua ji Dad’s sister’s husband – Fufar ji Wife’s brother – Sala Wife’s brother’s wife – Salehar Wife’s sister – Sali Mom’s sister – Masi ji Mom’s sister’s husband – Masar ji Father/Dad – Pita ji Mother/Mom – Mata ji Dad’s father – Dada ji …Learn Punjabi on your own with online lessons, materials, and tips from a certified TEFL instructor. Find out how to choose the right environment, teachers, and …Learn Punjabi step by step with audio and free online lessons. Review alphabet, grammar, vocabulary, phrases, verbs, and more with examples and exercises.Online Punjabi Teaching. Introduction. Punjabi is spoken in mainly three areas of the world; in East Punjab (India) where it is a state language, in West Punjab (Pakistan) where it is most widely spoken and in the diaspora, particularly Britain, North America, East Africa and Australasia. No exact figures are available on the …Learn Punjabi With Ling. After gaining knowledge of different colors in Punjabi, you might want to learn Punjabi in depth. You can use Ling while you’re on the go, at work, or at school! You can learn languages through Ling with various unique tools like chatbots, quizzes, mini-games, and much more. The chatbot …Sep 4, 2018 - Explore Kristin Bishop's board "Learning Punjabi" on Pinterest. See more ideas about learning, learn hindi, language.Pimsleur Makes Learning Easy. • 30-minute core lessons you can take anywhere with the Pimsleur app, or do at home with Amazon® Alexa®, or on your computer. • Sync progress across devices. • Stream lessons or download to use in offline mode. • Share course with up to 3 additional household members. • Car mode for easy driving and ...Screenshots. Learn Punjabi on the iPhone, iPod or iPad! This application gives an introduction to the Punjabi language. Over 700 letters, words or phrases are included. Several topics feature each several lessons to teach you the Gurmukhi letters, numbers, words and phrases to get you started understanding and …Learn Punjabi in a minute. Here's how: https://www.facebook.com/ixigo/videos/10155695479138270/For more exclusive content, download the ixigo app:Flights App...Welcome to Learn Punjabi. Our mission is to promote the Punjabi language and its rich cultural heritage. We hope to achieve this by connecting our current and future generations with the history of Punjab via posts, pictures, and videos. Join us on this journey as we explore The Land of the Five Rivers.This free app has 30 lessons. With no prior knowledge, you will learn Punjabi and fluently speak short Punjabi sentences in real-world situations in no time. The 50 languages method successfully combines audio and text for effective language learning. 50 languages corresponds to the Common European Framework levels A1 and A2 and …Solar panels are one of the most economical investments a homeowner can make. Learn more about installing solar energy. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All ...A few female Romani (Gypsy) names are Lala, Mala and Dooriya. Romani names are similar to names in Hindi, Punjabi and Bengali demonstrating the Romani’s Indo-Aryan origins. Punjabi Grammar. 3. Numbers and Counting. 4. Punjabi vocabulary. 5. Basic sentences in Punjabi. At the end of this course students will develop skills and knowledge in Punjabi language and they can use this language in daily life situations. Students will be able to communicate very fluently in Punjabi language with other people. We aim to provide engaging experiences for our students to make them WANT to speak Punjabi. Our interactive online lessons are designed by certified teachers. We offer …If you want to learn to speak Punjabi, start by mastering the pronunciation of the different sounds, many of which are nonexistent in …License: Freeware. Total downloads: 73. Operating system: Windows 7/8/10/11. Latest version: 1.9. Download now 2.8 MB. Screenshots. The 1.9.0 version of Punjabi Typing Master is available as a free download on our software library. The current installation package available for download requires 2.8 MB of hard … Learn Punjabi: Sentence Structure Made Easy. Product Details. ISBN13:978–0–9984828–0–4. Publisher: Team Indic. Publication date:2012, 2017. Lessons: 7 Because Punjabi is a tonal language. This means the pitch or tone of a word can change its meaning. In Punjabi, there are three basic tones: high falling, low rising, and level. Let’s use the word ਕੰਨ (‘kann’) as an example. With a high falling tone, it means ‘ear,’ but with a low rising tone, it’s an ‘arrow.’.Learn Punjabi in a minute. Here's how: https://www.facebook.com/ixigo/videos/10155695479138270/For more exclusive content, download the ixigo app:Flights App... Use e learn Punjabi and other resources by Punjabi university. You can learn quickly. Within a few months you should be able to read and write Punjabi and have at least basic level of speaking with some knowledge of dialects if you already know Hindi. If you were to learn in a university level language program it would take 3-4 months to get to ... Learn to Speak Punjabi with. Confidence. Rediscover your cultural heritage. Punjabi Boli Sikho envisions fostering a vibrant, nurturing environment for students to learn Punjabi. … About Us. Meet the visionary behind Lipi-Learn Punjabi, the remarkable language app that celebrates the essence of Punjabi culture and heritage. As the proud owner of this groundbreaking app, We embarked on this journey with a heartfelt mission - to preserve and pass on the invaluable gift of Punjabi language and tradition to the next generation. Download Free Printable Resources provided by Punjabi Learner. Punjabi Learner is dedicated to providing high-quality educational content in Punjabi with the aim of teaching and educating others. The Punjabi language is closely associated with the Sikh religion. Its alphabet, known as Gurmukhi, was the vehicle for recording the teachings of the Sikh gurus. It was invented by the second of the gurus in the 16th century. Gurmukhi means "proceeding from the mouth of the Guru." In Pakistan Punjabi, like Urdu, is written in the Perso-Arabic ... 1. Learn Punjabi in 30 Days. Complete Punjabi:This is the ideal book for anybody who wants to have a strong grasp on the language. This book is for beginners who want to learn the language from scratch, or someone who is familiar with the language, but has lost touch and would like to brush up their Punjabi. The book starts from the basics and ...Learn Punjabi Slang With Diljit Dosanjh. The Men's Arsenal. 412K views 5 years ago. 75 Everyday Hindi Sentences with word-by-word translation in English. Watch …How to Learn Punjabi ... There are plenty of ways to learn a language but what we have seen and observed is that you need to practice. There is no other way ... | Ccrqbjb (article) | Mpuel.