How much does it cost to clean a chimney

Although the average cost of chimney cleaning around the nation is about $400, chimney cleaning prices can range from as low as $100.00 to as high as $600.00 ...Jul 25, 2022 · Working time: 2 to 3 hours Total time: 2 to 3 hours Skill level: Intermediate Project cost: $125 to $200 Wood-burning fireplaces have a timeless charm that gas fireplaces cannot match. But the ... How Much Does it Cost to have a Chimney Removed in the UK? The cost of a chimney removal will depend on the size of the chimney. Average chimney removal cost vary between £400 and £1000. The cost of hiring scaffolding would be extra. The time it takes to remove a chimney is usually between one and two days.The average chimney cleaning cost is $220. Chimney cleaning costs range from $105 to $330. Chimney cleaning keeps the fireplace or stove drafting properly, plus …Chimney Refacing Cost. The cost of chimney refacing can vary depending on the size and type of chimney you have and the materials you use. Expect to pay anywhere from $500 to $3,000 for the project. If you want to save money on your chimney refacing project, you can always use our guide on resurfacing a chimney.Quicklime is used to remove acidic acids from a power station chimney and as a way of cleaning silica from a blast furnace. It is also used as a main ingredient in cement and in pa...Labor Cost Breakdown for Replacing a Chimney. Chimney replacements are a dangerous job that often require a structural engineer and a masonry expert. Expect to spend about $500 for a structural engineer, plus $50 to $75 an hour for masonry work. If you remove an old chimney, a demolition crew will cost around $50 per worker per hour.Normal range: $75 - $500. Chimney caps cost between $75 and $500 on average to install, or about $300 primarily dependant on the material. A chimney cap costs about $300 to install or repair, ot typically between $75 and $500. However, the price will fluctuate based on the type of repair, the material used, and the dimensions of the chimney cap.Updated January 10, 2024. B ird nest removal costs $600 on average but can range from $100 to $2,000. This includes professional bird removal labor fees of $50 to $100 per hour. Removing an active bird’s nest is illegal, depending on the species. But it's completely humane to remove an inactive bird’s nest or one that’s in a dangerous ...Waterproofing: Having your chimney waterproofed is a great way to stop leaks. First, the chimney repair technician seals cracks within the joints. Then they cover the entire chimney with a minimum ...Also, if any bats died inside the home, removal will be needed. Clean-up costs vary depending on the size of the house, colony and the duration of the infestation. It can cost $650 to $3,000 for a ...How often should I have my chimney cleaned? ... The standard answer here is to clean a chimney as often as it needs it! However, to be a little more precise...Removing an entire chimney—stack and breast—costs $2,500-$7,500 on average; however, chimney removal costs vary from one chimney to the next for a number of reasons. There are many aspects to the chimney removal process that will affect how much your project will cost: The type of chimney removal method you choose—full or … Chimney and Flue Sweeping. If your log burner or multi-fuel stove is sited inside an existing chimney then that will be swept. Chimneys need to be swept, as a minimum, once a year and more often if the burner or stove is in more frequent use. Whether your log burner is free standing or sited within an older chimney, the flue itself will be ... The national average cost of chimney cleaning is between $100 and $500. Most people pay around $400 for a level 2 inspection and cleaning of a wood stove chimney. However, at the low end of the …Quicklime is used to remove acidic acids from a power station chimney and as a way of cleaning silica from a blast furnace. It is also used as a main ingredient in cement and in pa...Working time: 2 to 3 hours Total time: 2 to 3 hours Skill level: Intermediate Project cost: $125 to $200 Wood-burning fireplaces have a timeless charm that gas fireplaces cannot match. But the ...Maintaining a clean and functional chimney is essential for the safety and efficiency of your home. Regular chimney cleaning not only prevents potential fire hazards but also ensur...Homeowners pay an average of $10,000 to completely rebuild a chimney. This includes a rate of $150 per linear foot to rebuild the chimney stack and at least $1,600 in labor to remove the old stack. Scaffolding rental will cost $50-$80 per day. Larger chimneys or ones with extensive fire damage will cost more to replace.However, for more complex jobs or for chimneys that haven't been cleaned in a long time, the price can rise to around £100 to £120. Get a few quotes from different chimney sweepers to ensure you're getting a fair price.Chimney liner installation costs $1,500 to $4,000 on average. A stainless steel chimney liner costs $900 to $3,800 to reline. A cast-in-place or clay flue liner costs $2,000 to $7,000 to replace. Flue …Jan 15, 2024 ... The average cost for a professional chimney cleaning ranges from $100 to $300. However, if the chimney requires extensive cleaning due to ...Boydton, VA. How much does chimney repair cost? $200 – $700 cost to repair cracks, flashing, joints, or cap. $1,000 – $3,500 cost to replace crown, spalling, or …May 18, 2021 · You should have your chimney cleaned at least once a year to prevent carbon monoxide leaks, chimney fires, and a lack of airflow to the outdoors. The average chimney sweep cost is $200, and chimney inspection costs another $150, on average. It costs an average of $337 to remove an animal from the chimney, and at least another $80 to clean it. May 18, 2021 · You should have your chimney cleaned at least once a year to prevent carbon monoxide leaks, chimney fires, and a lack of airflow to the outdoors. The average chimney sweep cost is $200, and chimney inspection costs another $150, on average. It costs an average of $337 to remove an animal from the chimney, and at least another $80 to clean it. Supply and install new roof timbers and felt to cover the hole. Tile over the hole with new roof tiles to match the existing. Lower access equipment and remove all waste material. Most small chimney stacks can be removed within a day and you can expect the cost to range from £600 – £1250.Feb 15, 2023 ... Chimney cleanings usually cost $150 to $350. The price varies based on your geographic location and the difficulty of the job. A video ...Hiring a chimney sweep costs an average of $254, but prices will typically range between $129 and $380, depending on the work they do. Let's take a closer look at the costs. See the price range for a chimney …While the cost of a clay chimney liner is much higher than installing a stainless liner, a clay liner lasts much longer. Most remain in good condition for 40-50 years vs 15-20 years for steel. ... $150 – $300 | Chimney Cleaning – Once the tile is removed, the chimney should be cleaned because cracks in the tile and mortar probably allowed ...The cost of a partial chimney removal is often computed to be around $500 to $2,000, while a full removal will absolutely be more expensive, which is around $4,000 to $6,000. 2. The size of your chimney. When you are having your chimney taken down, no matter what type (partial removal or full removal), the size of your chimney will be one of ...Chimney Cleaning ; Single Flue. $225 ; Double Flue. $415 ; Each additional Flue. $190 per each additional flue ; Rotary Cleanings. Add $140 to sweep price per flue.Apr 20, 2021 ... The average cost for a standard sweep and inspection of a wood-burning fireplace can be around $200-$250. Depending on where you live in the ...Tom Grupa. September 5, 2023. Average cost. Cost per foot. Chimney replacement cost. Fireplace replacement cost. Rebuilding alternatives. FAQs. DIY.Depending on these factors, the average cost of a chimney crown repair can range anywhere from $400 to as much as $2,200, but for basic repairs, not requiring a rebuild, the costs can be in the $200 to $450 range for a simple sealing. Since there are different types of crown repairs, the costs are going to vary widely.Depending on these factors, the average cost of a chimney crown repair can range anywhere from $400 to as much as $2,200, but for basic repairs, not requiring a rebuild, the costs can be in the $200 to $450 range for a simple sealing. Since there are different types of crown repairs, the costs are going to vary widely.Total chimney sweep costs ... The national average cost for chimney sweeping is $90–280 per chimney. But your overall chimney-cleaning costs will depend on both ...The typical cost range for chimney inspection is $100 to $5,000, with a national average of $450. The most significant cost factors for chimney inspection are the inspection level, chimney size ...I paid $150 for one inspection, $80 for the other. In both cases they would roll it into the cost of any repair work. Repair quotes were roughly proportional to inspection cost. Edit: cleaning and repair Edit 2: lower price was actually $95. acod1429.Chimneys should be inspected and cleaned at least once per year. The average chimney sweeping cost is £65, though sweeps may charge more if your …Oil-burner chimney. $190–$260. Wood stove or pellet stove. $150–$230. Of course, chimney sweep prices vary if you have more than one chimney in your home. Having more than one fireplace can also influence the total cost. If you need your fireplace cleaned and inspected separately, you can find a fireplace cleaning specialist to get the job ...Below is a table listing the different types of chimney breast removal jobs and the prices you can expect to pay for each. JOB DESCRIPTION. AVERAGE COST. Remove chimney stack alone. £1200-£1400. Remove ground floor chimney breast. £1500-£1750. Remove first-floor chimney breast. £1750-£2000.The average cost to have your chimney sweep is $250. Chimney cleaning costs range between $150 to $300. A chimney inspection, an assessment of how close you are to needing a cleaning and whether your chimney needs repairs, might cost $45 to $85. While most new chimneys have a chimney liner, a surface made from metal, tile, or …Removal of birds nest from chimney – £75 – £100 – This is the price for the removal of a small nest, but prices can increase depending on the size of the nest. Chimney inspection using CCTV – £90 – £100 – The chimney sweep will use specialist equipment to assess and survey inside the chimney for any damage or decay.The average cost of chimney repair ranges from $100 – $7,000, depending on the scope of the project. Simple chimney problems may be priced at much lower rates compared to complex restorations, as it varies significantly on several factors. Below, we’ll discuss each factor, and the associated expense for each.Prefabricated Chimney Sweep by Valley Chimney Sweeps. We’ve done some research and about $150 is a fair price for the cleaning of a metal chimney. Note: Your factory built chimney unit is built from metal, even if it is housed in masonry or brick, this price covers a level 1 inspection and cleaning. Prefabricated chimneys have been on the ...The cost of cleaning your chimney will vary depending on the type of chimney and fireplace you have in your home. For example, open fireplaces typically cost less to …Feb 24, 2024 ... Professional chimney cleaning services typically range from $150 to $300, with additional costs for inspection, repairs, or maintenance. While ...Remove entire chimney leaving stack in place. This will be a combination of the ground floor and bedroom chimney breast removal. It will take 2 people about 5 to 6 days and cost about £2,300. Making good and plastering will be …Step 1: Clean and seal your fireplace or wood stove. Photo: istockphoto.com. Cleaning a chimney is much easier when starting with a clean wood stove or fireplace. Remove any ash and coals (make ... Oil-burner chimney. $190–$260. Wood stove or pellet stove. $150–$230. Of course, chimney sweep prices vary if you have more than one chimney in your home. Having more than one fireplace can also influence the total cost. If you need your fireplace cleaned and inspected separately, you can find a fireplace cleaning specialist to get the job ... How much does chimney sweeping near me cost? Most homeowners spend an average of $225 for chimney sweeping. The actual cost you will pay varies anywhere between $100 to $300, depending on the specific services you will need. An inspection itself may cost $100 to $250. Cleaning costs ranging between $80 to $150.The cost to remove a chimney averages between $2,000 and $4,000 for a full removal, including debris disposal. However, chimney removal costs vary from one chimney to the next for a number of reasons. In the table below, you can see real-life examples of what people across the country have paid for their chimney removal project. How much a chimney sweep costs would depend on the level of cleaning it requires. Basic chimney cleaning starts at more or less $150, which typically involves flue sweeping. More comprehensive cleaning can reach up to $1,200 or more if the job needs a chimney camera inspection and an inspection report for a triple-storey home, for instance. How Much Does it Cost to Get Chimney Sweep Cleaning and Maintenance? Getting your chimney cleaned by a pro typically costs between $200 and …Removal costs for those parts of the chimney are $1,300, $2,000, and $2,800 respectively. Getting rid of your current fireplace will tack on an additional $1,100 to your bill. Removing your existing chimney and fireplace may be necessary if you want to completely renovate your home. By getting them out of the way, you can implement more …How Much Does It Cost For Chimney Sweeping? ... On average, they will charge between $75 and $200 for basic cleaning. This type of service usually involves ...Tom Grupa. September 5, 2023. Average cost. Cost per foot. Chimney replacement cost. Fireplace replacement cost. Rebuilding alternatives. FAQs. DIY.Maintaining a clean and functional chimney is essential for the safety and efficiency of your home. Regular chimney cleaning not only prevents potential fire hazards but also ensur...Oct 24, 2022 · On average, chimney cleaning and repair services cost $159, and prices typically range from $149- $179.The cost of the project depends on several factors, such as where you live, the type of fireplace you have, if there's debris in your flue and any additional services the chimney cleaner has to perform. Sep 8, 2022 · Consider that your inspector could find damage to the chimney in the process. This damage will likely need to be repaired. Fireplace and chimney repairs cost most homeowners between $150 and $750. Cost to Repair a Chimney Liner. A full resurfacing could cost $2,500 to $3,500 with one product and $5,000 with another. However, how much you spend ... Oct 24, 2022. On average, chimney cleaning and repair services cost $159, and prices typically range from $149- $179. The cost of the project depends on several factors, such as where you live, the type of fireplace you have, if there's debris in your flue and any additional services the chimney cleaner has to perform.Average Wood Stove Installation Cost. Average Cost. $3,250. Highest Cost. $5,000. Lowest Cost. $1,500. There are a number of factors to consider when deciding which is the best wood stove for your ...Although chimney sweep costs vary, depending on where in the country you live, when you last had your chimney swept and even how many chimneys you are having cleaned, we can give you an idea of the …Sep 8, 2023 · So, how much does a chimney inspection cost? Depending on the complexity of the work required, expect to pay between $100 and $5,000, but the average chimney inspection costs about $450. The good news is that most chimney inspectors are also licensed as chimney sweeps and will clean the chimney at the same time. Nov 13, 2023 · On average, the cost for a chimney sweep is $255, but it depends on whether you need extra services.If you need an inspection with the cleaning, for example, the average cost is $450. How much does it cost to remove a fireplace? The cost to remove gas fireplace in the building can range from $3,500 to $6,500. The demolition is an average price of $500 to $2,500. The chimney is often an integrated part of the structure of the building. It is not typically removed if the fireplace is taken out. * The cost data is based on ...The labor costs for chimney repair range from $50 to $150 per hour. Some chimney repairs can be fairly quick, so homeowners can also expect a base fee of $50 to $100. If the repair is more ...The average cost of removing a chimney breast is around £1500 - £3000, dependent on the size of your chimney and whether or not scaffolding will be used during the renovation. As it is not necessary to remove the whole chimney and stack you need to evaluate what’s necessary for your renovation work. You also need to incorporate the prices ...If you own a fireplace or wood-burning stove, regular chimney cleaning is essential for both the safety and efficiency of your heating system. Neglecting chimney cleaning can lead ...Repointing does not work if the chimney damage is substantial. New Brick Chimney Cost. Brick chimney construction costs $100 to $300 per linear foot or $1,000 to $3,500 to install on average. Building a masonry fireplace costs $3,500 to $5,600 more. Therefore, a complete fireplace and chimney installation costs $3,000 to $9,000 total. Chimney flue repair costs vary widely depending on how much of it needs fixing. The clay tiles that line a flue typically cost $65–$100 per square foot. Including labor, cracked flue tiles can cost as little as $200 to replace, but fully relining the chimney can cost up to $5,000. This helps to prevent chimney fires and ensures that smoke can properly exit your home. The cost of an open fire sweep can vary depending on factors such as the ...This is why it’s so important to have your pellet stove and chimney inspected and cleaned annually by a certified professional. How Much Does it Cost to Have a Pellet Stove Cleaned? It can cost you between $200 to $300 to have your pellet stove cleaned. The cost will depend on the size of your pellet stove and how often it needs to be cleaned.A chimney sweep can go for as low as £90 but can be as high as £600. This will depend on the condition of your chimney and flue as well as the amount of work that needs to be done. However, most people spend about $200 on chimney cleaning. It is important to compare quotes from at least 3 quotes from reputable contractors to ensure you get ...How Much Does it Cost to have a Chimney Removed in the UK? The cost of a chimney removal will depend on the size of the chimney. Average chimney removal cost vary between £400 and £1000. The cost of hiring scaffolding would be extra. The time it takes to remove a chimney is usually between one and two days.If you own a fireplace or wood-burning stove, regular chimney cleaning is essential for both the safety and efficiency of your heating system. Neglecting chimney cleaning can lead ...On average, the cost for a chimney sweep is $255, but it depends on whether you need extra services.If you need an inspection with the cleaning, for example, the average cost is $450.Repairs will cost even more. The total can also depend on the size of your chimney and how accessible your roof is.May 22, 2023 · Extremely dirty panels requiring additional labor to clean will cost more than those on a regular cleaning schedule. Labor Cost to Clean Solar Panels. A professional solar panel cleaning service washes your solar array, ensuring it is clear of dirt and grime to maintain optimal performance. Overall, you will spend around 60% of your total ... How Much Does Chimney Cleaning Cost? The national average cost of chimney cleaning is about $250, but the actual price varies depending on a number of factors Generally, you can expect an average cost ranging from $120 to $400 for chimney cleaning across the country.Average charge for Chimney Sweep ... A typical and most common cleaning will consist of an inspection and a chimney sweep and cost a total of $299.98 (assuming ...Sep 8, 2023 · So, how much does a chimney inspection cost? Depending on the complexity of the work required, expect to pay between $100 and $5,000, but the average chimney inspection costs about $450. The good news is that most chimney inspectors are also licensed as chimney sweeps and will clean the chimney at the same time. The average cost to have your chimney sweep is $250. Chimney cleaning costs range between $150 to $300. A chimney inspection, an assessment of how close you are to needing a cleaning and whether your chimney needs repairs, might cost $45 to $85. While most new chimneys have a chimney liner, a surface made from metal, tile, or …Sep 27, 2023 ... You should schedule a professional chimney sweeping service at least once a year, even if you clean the chimney yourself between inspections.Find the Best Costs on Chimney Cleaning - San Diego, 92101. There are other factors which add to the cost of chimney cleaning in San Diego. Stove inserts that do not have liners can cost $40 to $60 to be cleaned. They have to be pulled out from the access together with any insert piping that needs to be removed and cleaned.Remove entire chimney leaving stack in place. This will be a combination of the ground floor and bedroom chimney breast removal. It will take 2 people about 5 to 6 days and cost about £2,300. Making good and plastering will be …How much does it cost to clean a metal chimney liner? The cost of cleaning a metal chimney liner varies depending on the size and type of chimney and the company you hire. Most companies charge between $150 and $300 to …Tom Grupa. September 5, 2023. Average cost. Cost per foot. Chimney replacement cost. Fireplace replacement cost. Rebuilding alternatives. FAQs. DIY.How much a chimney sweep costs would depend on the level of cleaning it requires. Basic chimney cleaning starts at more or less $150, which typically involves flue sweeping. More comprehensive cleaning can reach up to $1,200 or more if the job needs a chimney camera inspection and an inspection report for a triple-storey home, for instance.Knowing what the best time to clean chimneys is can not only save you money but will keep your chimneys in tip-top shape. ... How Much Does It Cost To Tarp A Roof In 2024?Jan 16, 2019 · So, how much does a chimney sweep cost? With this explanation, you should expect to spend from $250 and up to get a professional cleaning of your chimney. We have a coupon section on our site you are free to explore. We also offer used wood stoves and other logs that may help lower your overall cost. Keeping your chimney clean is not only essential for maintaining the efficiency of your fireplace but also for ensuring the safety of your home. Over time, soot, debris, and even a...Each time you light your wood stove or fireplace, you may be damaging your flue. If you don’t have a lot of experience with chimneys, then now is the time to learn to prevent a chi...The labor costs for chimney repair range from $50 to $150 per hour. Some chimney repairs can be fairly quick, so homeowners can also expect a base fee of $50 to $100. If the repair is more ...The national average cost of chimney cleaning is between $100 and $500. Most people pay around $400 for a level 2 inspection and cleaning of a wood stove chimney. However, at the low end of the …It typically costs between $230 and $610 to replace an old chimney rain cap or about $335 on average. It’s possible to repair one that’s still in decent shape for $100 to $300. This includes ...New South Wales. $325. Western Australia. $150. Tasmania. $150. The cost of a chimney sweep in Australia varies with the national average being about $225. This price range is for a standard chimney sweep and clean, which takes into account a standard visual inspection and labour costs. Of course, the price varies depending on …Chimney sweeping has an average cost of $254, with prices typically ranging between $129 and $380. Wood fireplaces that receive regular maintenance price can go for as little as $85 to $100 per cleaning, while …Aside from basic cleaning costs, chimney sweeps can also provide repair and reparative services. They can install chimney caps ($200-$700), place chimney flashing ($200-$500), repair fireplace dampers ($100-$200), and even remove animals from inside the chimney ($200-$500). Lining the chimney is one of the more expensive services chimney sweeps ...Chimney removal costs an average of $4,500, though prices can range from $1,000 to $10,000. Homeowners may remove their chimney for many reasons, including an aesthetic preference or irreparable …If you own a fireplace or wood-burning stove, regular chimney cleaning is essential for both the safety and efficiency of your heating system. Neglecting chimney cleaning can lead ...Below is a table listing the different types of chimney breast removal jobs and the prices you can expect to pay for each. JOB DESCRIPTION. AVERAGE COST. Remove chimney stack alone. £1200-£1400. Remove ground floor chimney breast. £1500-£1750. Remove first-floor chimney breast. £1750-£2000.Maintaining a clean and functional chimney is essential for the safety and efficiency of your home. Regular chimney cleaning not only prevents potential fire hazards but also ensur...It typically costs between $230 and $610 to replace an old chimney rain cap or about $335 on average. It’s possible to repair one that’s still in decent shape for $100 to $300. This includes ...Removing an entire chimney—stack and breast—costs $2,500-$7,500 on average; however, chimney removal costs vary from one chimney to the next for a number of reasons. There are many aspects to the chimney removal process that will affect how much your project will cost: The type of chimney removal method you choose—full or …Total chimney sweep costs ... The national average cost for chimney sweeping is $90–280 per chimney. But your overall chimney-cleaning costs will depend on both ... Key Takeaways. Factors that can influence the cost of chimney sweeping include location, type of fireplace or stove, accessibility of the chimney, amount of time between inspections, and any additional services needed. The average cost of chimney sweeping in 2023 ranges from $130 to $380, with a median cost of approximately $255. The average price for cleaning one chimney fluctuates between 50 and 80pounds for a regularly cleaned flue. Is your chimney heavily polluted, or do bird nests ...May 18, 2021 · You should have your chimney cleaned at least once a year to prevent carbon monoxide leaks, chimney fires, and a lack of airflow to the outdoors. The average chimney sweep cost is $200, and chimney inspection costs another $150, on average. It costs an average of $337 to remove an animal from the chimney, and at least another $80 to clean it. House manual. Cleaning. How to clean a chimney, where to find the right chimney sweep, and signs it needs sweeping for winter. Knowing how to clean a …Step 1: Clean and seal your fireplace or wood stove. Photo: istockphoto.com. Cleaning a chimney is much easier when starting with a clean wood stove or fireplace. Remove any ash and coals (make ...How much does it cost to get your chimney cleaned? It depends on where you live, but in general, getting your chimney professionally cleaned will cost you anywhere from $125 to $300. This fee should include both an inspection (for overall safety evaluation) and a full cleaning, or sweep. Heavy creosote removal will likely cost you more, and if ... A one-flue chimney inspection is $205 per flue. A two-flue chimney inspection costs $195 per flue. A three-flue chimney inspection is $185 per flue. If our technicians find more than 1/8th inch buildup during the inspection, that flue will need to be swept. The cost of chimney sweeping is $70 per flue. While the cost of a clay chimney liner is much higher than installing a stainless liner, a clay liner lasts much longer. Most remain in good condition for 40-50 years vs 15-20 years for steel. ... $150 – $300 | Chimney Cleaning – Once the tile is removed, the chimney should be cleaned because cracks in the tile and mortar probably allowed ...Chimney cap replacement costs $200 to $850. The cost to repoint a chimney is $500 to $2,500. A chimney rebuild costs $1,000 to 3,500. The cost to seal a chimney is $150 to $400. A fireplace repair cost $100 to $2,000. The cost to remove an animal from a chimney is $600 to $1,500.Jan 15, 2024 ... The average cost for a professional chimney cleaning ranges from $100 to $300. However, if the chimney requires extensive cleaning due to ...Vancouver. $315. $120. $1,000. *Costs based on 104 verified homeowner reviews as of March 2022. Chimney sweeps are skilled technicians who use special tools and equipment to clean the chimney. With usage and over time, dirt, grime and debris can build up inside the chimney, making it unfit for use. Moreover, these chimney deposits …Oct 24, 2022. On average, chimney cleaning and repair services cost $159, and prices typically range from $149- $179. The cost of the project depends on several factors, such as where you live, the type of fireplace you have, if there's debris in your flue and any additional services the chimney cleaner has to perform.Keeping your chimney clean is not only essential for maintaining the efficiency of your fireplace but also for ensuring the safety of your home. Over time, soot, debris, and even a... | Clhymqgddql (article) | Mttyhcj.