How a sewing machine works

Lesson 1 learn to sew course: how a sewing machine works!I'm making my online sewing course available for free here on YouTube so that you can learn to sew t...http://pbskids.org/designsquad/parentseducators/resources/index.html?category=technologymaterials This Design Squad Nation animation shows how a bobbin catch...How a sewing machine works ... I have no clue what is going on here and I understand how a nuclear reactor works. ... hmmm.. that's why my sewing machines never ...Hope this video helps out any beginner sewers out there! #sewing101 #howtosew #coolirpaSEWING TOOLS MENTIONED: Fabric Scissors: https://amzn.to/3eAf42IFabric...How does a sewing machine work? A sewing machine has several parts that work together to create the stitch. To understand how a sewing machine works, you need to know about the different mechanisms that take place, as discussed below: Needle mechanism; The needle is one of the most important parts of the sewing machine.A sewing machine works by combining two threads, the top thread and the bottom thread, to form stitches on fabric. When you press the foot pedal or use the power switch, the sewing machine motor starts running, which in turn drives the machine’s mechanism. This mechanism takes the top thread from the spool, passes it through the … Understanding how a serger works can seem daunting at first, but with a little practice and patience, it can become an indispensable part of your sewing toolkit. A serger works by using multiple threads to create an overlock stitch that encases the raw edge of the fabric. Depending on the type of serger, it can use anywhere from two to eight ... Sewing Machine Anatomy: How a Stitch is Made. Threads Sewing. 214K subscribers. Subscribe. Subscribed. 5K. 993K views 8 years ago. Watch this detailed animation to learn how a …Vending machines dispense bags of chips, candy bars and beverages for snacks. They have been used to dispense items like packs of cigarettes, stamps and lottery tickets. You’ll fin...Have you ever wondered what the big difference is between mechanical and computerized sewing machines other than the fancy buttons? Well, I'm going to give ...A larger throat space. The throat space is the area between the needle and the right side of the machine, and bigger spaces allow for bigger quilts to be rolled and bunched. Dropping feed dogs with a button if you want to switch between free-motion quilting and other sewing projects regularly. Knee lifter.Vending machines dispense bags of chips, candy bars and beverages for snacks. They have been used to dispense items like packs of cigarettes, stamps and lottery tickets. You’ll fin...Explore LearningMedia Resources by Subject. See how a bobbin catches and knots a thread to form a stitch that holds pieces of fabric together. Learn more about construction technologies in this animation from Design Squad Nation.The bobbin actually does not use up more then the needle, it ideally uses the exact same amount. The take-up lever (the big arm that moves way up and down on the front of the machine) releases and then takes back up all the thread needed to go around the bobbin and forms the stitch. The same section of thread moves in and out of the eye of the ...A lock-stitch sewing machine is a machine that creates a lock-stitch seam in a fabric. A lock-stitch is made when the thread is looped through the fabric and then is looped through itself to form a seam. Lockstitch sewing machines are used for sewing light to medium weight fabrics, and are commonly used to sew jeans, most types of upholstery ... The bobbin sits in a shuttle that moves with the rhythm of the machine. When you engage your sewing machine, the needle is pushed down through the fabric. Once the needle reaches its deepest level, it begins its ascent back through the fabric. As the needle begins to pull up, the friction of the needle against the fabric and thread forces the ... The pedal mechanism comprises the left and right pedal, which are used in most of the stand-up type sewing machines. 1. The left pedal of the sewing machine helps to engage the clutch and control the speed of the machine. In addition, it is important to do it with the proper use of foot pressure. 2.One of the most satisfying things you can do is create something for yourself or home. Sewing is one of the best ways to make something with fabric. Whether you’re designing and ma...Sewing machines join fabric together by stitching thread through the various layers, which acts to bind the fabric layers together. You can also use sewing machines to embroider — decorating a single piece of fabric with decorative stitches. After threading the needle, the machine will pierce the fabric with the needle, passing a loop of the ...Aug 16, 2023 · Sewing machines have three main mechanisms: needle, bobbin, and shuttle, and feed-dog, which work together to create precise and accurate stitches on a variety of fabrics. The type of thread and needle used will depend on the thickness and texture of the fabric being sewn, and adjusting thread tension, needle, and foot types can help achieve ... Instead of tossing all of those t-shirts that don’t fit you anymore, you can turn them into a blanket comprised of memories. You don’t even have to sew it together. Instead of toss...Contents [ show] Just like the name suggests, a manual sewing machine performs all the functions manually. It consists of a foot pedal and doesn’t require any electric motor. You need to move the foot pedal and handwheel in order to start stitching. It is one of the basic types of sewing machines that are still available in the market.The machine’s body was constructed of a lightweight alloy. In the 1970s and 1980s, the many brands of sewing machines continued to advance. Most of the sewing machines we use today look and work the same as their older counterparts. The development of the clothing industry altered the nature of its business thanks to the …Understanding how a sewing machine works can definitely help you set it up properly. By knowing the inner mechanisms and functions of the sewing machine, you can easily follow the setup instructions and troubleshoot any issues that may arise. Get to know how your sewing machine works for a hassle-free setup process.Follow these steps: Position the fabric under the presser foot, aligning the area you want to sew. Hold the fabric firmly with one hand and the machine with the other. Press the machine’s power button or a foot pedal (if available) to start sewing. Guide the fabric along the desired sewing line, keeping a steady pace.A Sewing machines stitch as a needle threads top and bobbin yarns together, driven by an electric motor and controlled by a foot pedal. The top and bobbin threads interconnect, forming a continuous …Sewing Machine Anatomy: How a Stitch is Made. Threads Sewing. 214K subscribers. Subscribe. Subscribed. 5K. 993K views 8 years ago. Watch this detailed animation to learn how a …@MasinskiKutak .Overlock serger sewing machine: http://www.masinskikutak.com/2012/05/overlokendlarica_26.html.gif animation: https://media.giphy.com/media/42... http://pbskids.org/designsquad/parentseducators/resources/index.html?category=technologymaterials This Design Squad Nation animation shows how a bobbin catch... To get a good feel for the machine's speed, try sewing barefoot. To get started, keep your heel on the floor and the ball of your foot on the foot pedal. Try using only your big toe to press down the foot pedal if you find yourself going faster than you can control. Practice learning speed control without the machine being threaded.This video captures the internal structure of the bag sewing machine in operation, which can give you a better understanding of how the inside of the bag sew...Have you ever wondered what the big difference is between mechanical and computerized sewing machines other than the fancy buttons? Well, I'm going to give ...When it comes to sewing projects, choosing the right thread can make all the difference in the final outcome of your work. One of the most common questions that arises is whether t...Dec 8, 2016 · Sewing machines join fabric together by stitching thread through the various layers, which acts to bind the fabric layers together. You can also use sewing machines to embroider — decorating a single piece of fabric with decorative stitches. After threading the needle, the machine will pierce the fabric with the needle, passing a loop of the ... The yellow thread falls off the hook and is pulled up as the needle moves up. The hook then rotates clockwise far enough to be ready to pick up the next loop at the needle. Since the hook rotates back and forth instead of moving in a circle, shaft driving the hook doesn’t interfere with the yellow thread.New Audible members get a 30-day free trial. Visit http://audible.com/bernadette or text " bernadette " to 500 500 to try Audible today!If you have a Singer...The yellow thread falls off the hook and is pulled up as the needle moves up. The hook then rotates clockwise far enough to be ready to pick up the next loop at the needle. Since the hook rotates back and forth instead of moving in a circle, shaft driving the hook doesn’t interfere with the yellow thread.Are you an avid sewer looking for a reliable local sewing machine shop? Whether you are a beginner or an experienced seamstress, having access to a reputable sewing machine shop is...The first mechanism you’ll find is the needle system. It is made of the upper shaft (drives a wheel) and the lower shaft (pushes … Discover the inner workings of a sewing machine in our comprehensive visual guide. From threading the needle to creating intricate stitches, our step-by-step... How It Works. Now the aim of all these controls is to take the thread from the spool and guide it to make a stitch. ... The thread leaves the spool and passes ...- Top or bobbin thread has not been set correctly. - The thread does not match the needle. - Thread tension is not properly set. 1. The machines ...How a Sewing Machine Works. Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in …The yellow thread falls off the hook and is pulled up as the needle moves up. The hook then rotates clockwise far enough to be ready to pick up the next loop at the needle. Since the hook rotates back and forth instead of moving in a circle, shaft driving the hook doesn’t interfere with the yellow thread.Sewing Machine Patent Model. Patent No. 4,750, issued September 10, 1846. Elias Howe Jr. of Cambridge, Massachusetts. While working as a journeyman machinist, Elias Howe Jr. wrestled for years to find a way to mechanize sewing. With the family pinched by poverty, his wife sewed for others by hand at home.In the making of a chain stitch, sewing fabric is sitting on a metal plate being held down by the presser foot. At the beginning of every stitch, the sewing machine needle creates a loop. Then, the looper mechanism, synchronized with the sewing machine needle, grabs the loop before the needle moves up.Oct 8, 2016 ... Electric sewing machine is driven by electrical power, so it works quickly and smoothly. Due to its high production capacity and efficiency ...My sewing years are many and learned to service my own machines for continued good use back in my sewing classes in school way back when… but this particular problem just keeps me puzzled without resolve and comes and goes when you are not thinking about it and of course it means removing the bunched threads and start that …Apr 22, 2021 · Below, you can see a simplified depiction of how the mechanism works: 2. The Bobbin and Shuttle Mechanism. The next key part of a sewing machine is the bobbin and shuttle mechanism. You can’t make stitches without a shuttle and a hook. The mechanism is powered by gears to rotate a bit faster than the needle. The bobbin sits in a shuttle that moves with the rhythm of the machine. When you engage your sewing machine, the needle is pushed down through the fabric. Once the needle reaches its deepest level, it begins its ascent back through the fabric. As the needle begins to pull up, the friction of the needle against the fabric and thread forces the ... A sewing machine is a machine used to stitch fabric and other materials together with thread. It holds the material in place while a needle, mounted on a shuttle called a shuttle-arm, punctures the fabric at a specific point. The machine passes the shuttle through the fabric and back up again, pulling the thread through the puncture.The feed dog mechanism consists of small teeth that grip and move the fabric between the presser foot and the throat plate.These teeth move the fabric both upwards and forwards, ensuring a steady and even feed. The feed dog mechanism plays a vital role in maintaining the correct fabric tension and preventing the fabric from slipping or bunching …The feed dog mechanism consists of small teeth that grip and move the fabric between the presser foot and the throat plate.These teeth move the fabric both upwards and forwards, ensuring a steady and even feed. The feed dog mechanism plays a vital role in maintaining the correct fabric tension and preventing the fabric from slipping or bunching …Apr 21, 2022 · In the making of a chain stitch, sewing fabric is sitting on a metal plate being held down by the presser foot. At the beginning of every stitch, the sewing machine needle creates a loop. Then, the looper mechanism, synchronized with the sewing machine needle, grabs the loop before the needle moves up. If you own a Singer sewing machine, having access to its manual can be incredibly helpful. Whether you’ve lost your original manual or purchased a second-hand machine without one, ... Discover the inner workings of a sewing machine in our comprehensive visual guide. From threading the needle to creating intricate stitches, our step-by-step... A common sewing machine design uses a floating shuttle hook. The floating hook design allows a top thread loop to pass completely around the bobbin assembly. A lock stitch is formed when the top thread has looped completely around the bottom thread. The take-up lever ensures a tight stitch.My sewing years are many and learned to service my own machines for continued good use back in my sewing classes in school way back when… but this particular problem just keeps me puzzled without resolve and comes and goes when you are not thinking about it and of course it means removing the bunched threads and start that …Feb 15, 2021 · Step 1 – The needle starts in the raised position and then moves downward toward the fabric. At this point, it’s leading the thread through the material so a stich can be made. Step 2 – The needle pierces the material and takes the thread with it. Step 3 – The needle begins rising, but leaves a loop of thread behind. Whether you are a professional seamstress or an occasional hobbyist, a sewing machine is an essential tool that helps bring your creative ideas to life. However, like any other mec...Sep 2, 2021 · What is a Serger Sewing Machine and How Does It Work. Basically, a serger is a sewing machine that utilizes multiple threads to seam fabric, simultaneously overcasting to cover raw edges. A serger is an excellent way to make the edge of your seam look clean. The density and width of the stitching are two primary variables you should consider ... Mar 11, 2024 · 1. Place your thread on the spool pin and a bobbin on the bobbin winder. A sewing machine uses two thread sources: a top thread from the spool and a lower thread, stored on a bobbin. To begin winding the bobbin, place both the spool of thread and your bobbin on their respective pins. May 6, 2020 · 311K views 3 years ago. Sewing machines bring us to speed compared to manual stitching. But did you ever think about how a sewing machine works? From the first sewing machines in the 19th... Machines now have large clearances in their main working areas, which facilitate the easy and comfortable manipulation of work during sewing. The positions and ...If your sewing machine has “fancy” stitches, you can even use them to add a decorative element to the curtain hem. 5. Pillowcases. Depending on what type of seam you use to finish the pillowcases you make, you could use a serger or a sewing machine. For example, if you want to use french seams, a sewing machine will work just fine. A sewing machine is a machine used to sew fabric and materials together with thread. Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in clothing companies. Since the invention of the first sewing machine, generally considered to have been the work of Englishman Thomas ... This video captures the internal structure of the bag sewing machine in operation, which can give you a better understanding of how the inside of the bag sew...Jan 26, 2022 · A sewing machine is a device that sews fabric together by passing it through a needle, thread, and sometimes an integrated computer. It can be used to sew simple seams and, in some cases, more complex patterns. The sewing machine was invented in 1846, and since then, it has been created in different shapes and sizes for various purposes. Nov 23, 2023 ... (via Veritasium) Sewing machines are mechanical marvels – here's how they work.A sewing machine is a machine used to stitch fabric and other materials together with thread. It holds the material in place while a needle, mounted on a shuttle called a shuttle-arm, punctures the fabric at a specific point. The machine passes the shuttle through the fabric and back up again, pulling the thread through the puncture.How does a sewing machine work? A sewing machine has several parts that work together to create the stitch. To understand how a sewing machine works, you need to know about the different mechanisms that take place, as discussed below: Needle mechanism; The needle is one of the most important parts of the sewing machine.Oct 15, 2019 ... Also remember that the tiny spools of thread from that emergency sewing kit you can buy in the stores, do not work well on sewing machines.Dec 28, 2023 · A sewing machine is a device that helps people create stitches in fabric quickly and easily. The basic components of a modern sewing machine include a needle, bobbin, arm and foot pedal. The needle is thread through, then held in place by the bobbin. The arm and foot pedal control the needle’s up-and-down motion and the speed of the stitch. The bobbin actually does not use up more then the needle, it ideally uses the exact same amount. The take-up lever (the big arm that moves way up and down on the front of the machine) releases and then takes back up all the thread needed to go around the bobbin and forms the stitch. The same section of thread moves in and out of the eye of the ...A sewing machine is a machine used to stitch fabric and other materials together with thread. It holds the material in place while a needle, mounted on a shuttle called a shuttle-arm, punctures the fabric at a specific point. The machine passes the shuttle through the fabric and back up again, pulling the thread through the puncture.Several of the machines in our list have this feature, including the Brother CS7000X Sewing and Quilting Machine ( best overall ), the Singer Stylist 7258 Sewing & Quilting Machine (best for clothes), and the Brother XR9550 Sewing and Quilting Machine (best for quilting).The first sewing machine dates back to the 18th Century. Sewing machines first worked with a hand crank to move the needle. In today's technology, sewing ...311K views 3 years ago. Sewing machines bring us to speed compared to manual stitching. But did you ever think about how a sewing machine works? From the first sewing machines in the …It is ideal for threading your sewing machine with the needle in the upward position. On an advanced sewing unit, press the needle up switch. On manual sewing units, press the foot pedal or use the handwheel to move the needle. In case you are working with an automatic need threading machine, it will only move upwards.Manual sewing machines are made of metal and controlled by a hand crank or a treadle as there is no motor that drives this machine. The operator has to power the machine by continuously paddling the treadle or turning the hand wheel. Manual machines are also referred to as mechanical machines, without electricity.If your sewing machine works, but it only runs at a slower or faster than normal speed, then this usually means there is a problem with the motor pulley belt. This belt is responsible for setting the right amount of tension that will drive your sewing machine’s needle up and down in accordance with the motor shaft’s spinning motion.Sep 2, 2021 · What is a Serger Sewing Machine and How Does It Work. Basically, a serger is a sewing machine that utilizes multiple threads to seam fabric, simultaneously overcasting to cover raw edges. A serger is an excellent way to make the edge of your seam look clean. The density and width of the stitching are two primary variables you should consider ... Jan 26, 2022 · A sewing machine is a device that sews fabric together by passing it through a needle, thread, and sometimes an integrated computer. It can be used to sew simple seams and, in some cases, more complex patterns. The sewing machine was invented in 1846, and since then, it has been created in different shapes and sizes for various purposes. How A Treadle Sewing Machine Works. October 20, 2023 by Geoffrey Kirby. 1. Introduction to Treadle Sewing Machines. ... Factors to Consider When Buying a Treadle Sewing Machine. 5. 5. How to Use a Treadle Sewing Machine. 6. 6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Treadle Sewing Machines. 7. 7. Maintenance of a Treadle …Here’s how you can do it: First, make sure your machine is turned off and unplugged. Locate the tension dial on your machine. This is typically located on the front or top of the machine and may be labeled with numbers or symbols. Check the current setting of the tension dial.Learn how a sewing machine works from the loop stitch to the shuttle hook and bobbin, and how it evolved over time. Discover the history of the sewing machine, the types of sewing machines, and the …This lasted until 1877 when the patents expired. The sewing needle for a sewing machine has six parts: shank, shaft, eye, point, groove, and scarf. How it works is the thread is placed in the groove and into the eye from the front. The scarf is in the back of the eye helps the bobbin shuttle to pick up the thread. Expand for References:Aug 16, 2023 · Sewing machines have three main mechanisms: needle, bobbin, and shuttle, and feed-dog, which work together to create precise and accurate stitches on a variety of fabrics. The type of thread and needle used will depend on the thickness and texture of the fabric being sewn, and adjusting thread tension, needle, and foot types can help achieve ... Setup: How Does Sewing Machine Work. First power on the machine switch. Then take a thread and place it on the spool spin. Bring the thread from the spool through the thread guide. Make sure your Bobbin is in the right place. Add the thread with the bobbin and make sure it attaches properly to it for rewinding.May 6, 2020 · 311K views 3 years ago. Sewing machines bring us to speed compared to manual stitching. But did you ever think about how a sewing machine works? From the first sewing machines in the 19th... Jun 24, 2023 ... Sewing machine makes a basic running stitch the same way, with two sources of thread. The top needle takes the thread down into the fabric. It ...It is ideal for threading your sewing machine with the needle in the upward position. On an advanced sewing unit, press the needle up switch. On manual sewing units, press the foot pedal or use the handwheel to move the needle. In case you are working with an automatic need threading machine, it will only move upwards.Are you a sewing enthusiast looking to enhance your skills and take your sewing projects to the next level? Look no further than the wealth of information available in free Pfaff s...Pfaff sewing machines come in a variety of models and price ranges, so a Pfaff sewing machine can vary greatly in monetary value, from $100 to over $1,000, depending on the conditi...Apr 17, 2007 ... The red catches the thread, and turns far enough in a circle to release the thread on the other side of the bobbin. The thread continues back up ...How a Sewing Machine Works. Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in …Understanding How a Sewing Machine Works. To better understand how a sewing machine works, let’s break it down step by step: Threading: Threading a sewing machine involves guiding the thread through different thread guides, tension discs, and the needle. This process ensures that the thread is properly positioned to create stitches.Turn on the device by pushing the On/Off button forward. Hold the cloth with your left hand and control the direction, and speed up the device. After sewing, uplift the needle arm as high as possible by the rotary wheel, then use a scissor to pull the thread out about 3 inches. Cut thread.How Does a Sewing Machine Work: History of the Sewing Machine The historical backdrop of the sewing machine is a story of development, assurance, and the longing to upset the universe of materials. While motorizing the sewing system goes back hundreds of years, critical steps were made during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, …Setup: How Does Sewing Machine Work. First power on the machine switch. Then take a thread and place it on the spool spin. Bring the thread from the spool through the thread guide. Make sure your Bobbin is in the right place. Add the thread with the bobbin and make sure it attaches properly to it for rewinding. Understanding how a serger works can seem daunting at first, but with a little practice and patience, it can become an indispensable part of your sewing toolkit. A serger works by using multiple threads to create an overlock stitch that encases the raw edge of the fabric. Depending on the type of serger, it can use anywhere from two to eight ... How To Use A Serger Machine – Parts Of A Serger. Before going for a serger, look for the main parts of a serger & its functions. The main parts of a serger are: Tension dial – this part of the serger is very important as it controls the quality of the stitches. 3 or 4 thread spool – thread spool is mentioned at the back of the serger.The sewing machine manages to do this as it uses a different stitch than when you sew by hand called a lock stitch. This stitch requires the machine to use two different threads, one feeding down through the machine, and the other feeding up through it. This stitch works by the needle threading the top thread down through the material.3. Brother GX37 Wig Sewing Machine. Time to give your wrists some much-needed rest, this sewing machine is the epitome of high performance. Your wigs will look like special attention has been paid to create them just by how finely detailed and polished they can look with the help of this machine.Nov 15, 2023 · a sewing machine may seem complex, but it operates on a few key components that work together to create stitches: Needle: The needle is the primary tool that pierces the fabric. It moves up and down rapidly, creating a hole for the thread to pass through. Though both machines have a white plastic case over a metal skeleton, the Singer Quantum Stylist 9960 (left) is slightly more luxurious than our top pick, the Brother CS7000X (right), with more ...Contents [ show] Just like the name suggests, a manual sewing machine performs all the functions manually. It consists of a foot pedal and doesn’t require any electric motor. You need to move the foot pedal and handwheel in order to start stitching. It is one of the basic types of sewing machines that are still available in the market.Apr 5, 2022 · The machine works by using a needle to pierce the fabric then pulls the thread through the hole. The bobbin is a spool that sits on a rotating arm. When it spins, it pulls the thread from the needle and wraps it around the bobbin, stitching two (or more) pieces together. Understanding How a Sewing Machine Works. To better understand how a sewing machine works, let’s break it down step by step: Threading: Threading a sewing machine involves guiding the thread through different thread guides, tension discs, and the needle. This process ensures that the thread is properly positioned to create stitches.The sewing machine’s needle mechanism is the simplest operation process for a sewing machine. It works by the grey shaft driving a wheel and crankshaft to control the needle motion. As a result, the needle can rise and lower while the crank allows the needle plate to move round and round. Bobbin ThreadNov 22, 2023 · A Sewing machines stitch as a needle threads top and bobbin yarns together, driven by an electric motor and controlled by a foot pedal. The top and bobbin threads interconnect, forming a continuous loop connecting fabric layers. The formation of stitches by a sewing machine – how a bobbin catches and knots a thread to form a stitch that holds ... Bottom Line. Working on a handheld sewing machine is pretty easy. You need to set up all the necessary things, such as setting up the bobbin, loading the batteries, threading the needle, and so on. Here another important thing is necessary to mention. Don’t confuse handheld and mini sewing machines.Understanding how a serger works can seem daunting at first, but with a little practice and patience, it can become an indispensable part of your sewing toolkit. A serger works by using multiple threads to create an overlock stitch that encases the raw edge of the fabric. Depending on the type of serger, it can use anywhere from two to eight ...To get a good feel for the machine's speed, try sewing barefoot. To get started, keep your heel on the floor and the ball of your foot on the foot pedal. Try using only your big toe to press down the foot pedal if you find yourself going faster than you can control. Practice learning speed control without the machine being threaded.A sewing machine’s sole function is to sew, whether it’s for a quick stitch or a more involved project. Sewing machines are available in a wide range of styles, from straightforward ones to more complex ones. …If you work with metal or wood, chances are you have a use for a milling machine. These mechanical tools are used in metal-working and woodworking, and some machines can be quite h...Sewing Machine Patent Model. Patent No. 4,750, issued September 10, 1846. Elias Howe Jr. of Cambridge, Massachusetts. While working as a journeyman machinist, Elias Howe Jr. wrestled for years to find a way to mechanize sewing. With the family pinched by poverty, his wife sewed for others by hand at home.Buying a used sewing machine can be a money-saver compared to buying a new one, but consider making sure it doesn’t need a lot of repair work before you buy. Repair costs can eat u... | Ckkgzep (article) | Mtfybyrm.