History of north africa

Summary. The Maghreb is located at the confluence of Mediterranean civilizations. This circumstance has conferred on the region a scientific and cultural heritage unique in Africa. Maghreb is a foreign word incorporated by the Arabic language meaning island of the west, or the land between the sea and the sands of the Sahara.

North Africa - Vandals, Conquest, History: The effect of the Donatist controversy on the economy and administration of the African provinces cannot be measured but was certainly profound. At the very moment of the effective victory of the African church, the rest of the Roman Empire was crumbling to ruin. In 406 the Rhine was crossed by Vandals, Alani, Suebi, and others who overran most of ...Slavery in Africa. Slavery has historically been widespread in Africa. Systems of servitude and slavery were common in parts of Africa in ancient times, as they were in much of the rest of the ancient world. [1] When the trans-Saharan slave trade, Indian Ocean slave trade and Atlantic slave trade (which started in the 16th century) began, many ...Africa, in ancient Roman history, the first North African territory of Rome, at times roughly corresponding to modern Tunisia. It was acquired in 146 bce after the destruction of Carthage at the end of the Third Punic War. Initially, the province comprised the territory that had been subject to. NORTH AFRICA, EARLY CHURCH IN The Romans conquered Carthage in 146 b.c. and turned its territory into the provincia Africana, roughly northeast Tunisia, to which Tripolitania was added later on. In 46 b.c. the Numidian kingdom of Juba was annexed (Africa nova ) and, with Africa vetus, formed Africa proconsularis. In the year 40 Mauretania was also annexed, and two provinces were formed ...Africa was a Roman province on the northern coast of what is now known as the African continent. It was established in 146 BC, following the Roman Republic's conquest of Carthage in the Third Punic War.It roughly comprised the territory of present-day Tunisia, the northeast of Algeria, and the coast of western Libya along the Gulf of Sirte.The territory was originally and still is inhabited by ...The genetic history of Africa is composed of the overall genetic history of African populations in Africa, including the regional genetic histories of North Africa, ... West-Eurasian geneflow arrived to Northern Africa during the Paleolithic (30,000 to 15,000 years ago), followed by other pre-Neolithic and Neolithic migration events. ...The Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Middle Eastern and North African History Contents Contents Chapter 13 A War over the People: The Algerian War of Independence, 1954-1962 Get access. Ryme Seferdjeli. Ryme Seferdjeli History, University of Ottawa. Find on Oxford Academic. Google Scholar. Ryme Seferdjeli, University of Ottawa ...

The history of Africa begins with the emergence of hominids, archaic humans and — around 300,000–250,000 years ago — anatomically modern humans ( Homo sapiens ), in East Africa, and continues unbroken into the present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing nation states. [1]The 19th-century African-American actor Ira Aldridge, depicted here in the title role, was the first black man to appear in a Shakespeare performance in Britain. If the term “Moor” seems ..."Autonomous Muslim Berber powers define the late medieval period (1000-1400 A.D.) in western North Africa. Despite periods of struggle among different dynasties, the entire region is united under Almohad rule. Later, under the Hafsids in the east and Marinids in the west, the Maghrib enjoys stability. Patronage and the creation of metropolitan centers such as Fez, Marrakesh, and Tunis ...2012. TLDR. The genomes of seven North African populations reveal an extraordinarily complex history of migrations, involving at least five ancestral populations, into North Africa, and a gradient of likely autochthonous Maghrebi ancestry that increases from east to west across northern Africa. Expand.The countries of North Africa share a large amount of their genetic, ethnic, cultural and linguistic identity and influence with the Middle East, a process that began with the Neolithic Revolution c. 10,000 BC and pre Dynastic Egypt. The countries of North Africa are also a major part of the Arab world.Roots of African Myths and Legends The Sahara, avast desert dividing the continent into two main regions, runs from east to west across the widest part of northern Africa. North Africa consists of the Mediterranean coast from Morocco to Egypt and includes the valley of the Nile River as far south as Ethiopia. With strong ties to the ...

c. 2000 BCE - c. 1500 CE. The Bantu Migration occurs in Africa starting from southern West Africa and slowly spreading southwards to finally reach South Africa.The history of South Africa, which made the country as strong as it is today - with a proud heritage! South African history has included a tumultous past. Read about the important facts that have shaped the modern nation of South Africa. ... By the 13th century iron-age people had settled in the northern part of the Kruger National Park area ...World War II. World War II was the biggest and deadliest war in history, involving more than 30 countries. Sparked by the 1939 Nazi invasion of Poland, the war dragged on for six bloody years ...The earliest inhabitants of Northern Africa were the Berbers, an indigenous group that formed the first civilizations in the area in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. Contact with the Berbers was documented by the Egyptians, Abyssinians (Ethiopians), and Nubians who lived in the northeastern portion of the African continent. While the homelands of these groups are not included under the U ...Islam in North Africa. Islam had a great impact on the culture of North Africa. It affected the way people lived including their government, trade, and education. The religion of Islam began in the Middle East during the early 600s CE. Not long after the death of the prophet Muhammad in 632 CE, the Arabs began to expand their empire.Ancient DNA in North Africa. In North Africa, modern-day groups are largely related to Eurasian and Middle Eastern populations, with very low levels of genetic contributions from sub-Saharan Africa (blue dots, Figure 1) [15, 16].A debate existed whether this was the result of Paleolithic back-to-Africa migrations, or migrations connected to the introduction of farming practices to North Africa ...

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Throughout human history there have been movements of peoples (see human migration) within, into, and out of Africa along its northern coasts, across the Sinai Peninsula, along the Red Sea, and especially in the Horn of Africa and coastal areas as far south as Southern Africa. North Africa from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Nile River delta ... Spain - Muslim Rule, Reconquista, Culture: In the second half of the 7th century ce (1st century ah), Byzantine strongholds in North Africa gave way before the Arab advance. Carthage fell in 698. In 705 al-Walīd I, the sixth caliph of the Umayyad dynasty, the first great Muslim dynasty centred in Damascus, appointed Mūsā ibn Nuṣayr governor in the …History of Carthage. The city of Carthage was founded in the 9th century BC on the coast of Northwest Africa, in what is now Tunisia, as one of a number of Phoenician settlements in the western Mediterranean created to facilitate trade from the city of Tyre on the coast of what is now Lebanon. The name of both the city and the wider republic ...Christianity in Africa. Christianity in Africa first arrived in Egypt in approximately 50 AD. By the end of the 2nd century it had reached the region around Carthage. In the 4th century, the Aksumite empire in modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea became one of the first regions in the world to adopt Christianity as its official religion. 1. youth learned discipline, service, and leadership. 2. prevented any family from getting too much control. 3. mark the movement from one stage of life to the next. what role did Islam play in the political history of North Africa? Muslims rules Egypt and in their states they set up theocracies.

Maghreb. The Maghreb ( / ˈmʌɡrəb /; Arabic: الْمَغْرِب, romanized : al-Maghrib, lit. 'the west'), also known as the Arab Maghreb ( Arabic: المغرب العربي) and Northwest Africa, [2] is the western part of the Arab world. The region comprises western and central North Africa, including Algeria, Libya, Mauritania (also ...The Blackfeet Tribe is one of the most iconic Native American tribes in North America. Located in Montana, the Blackfeet have a rich history and culture that is deeply rooted in their land and traditions.Mar 28, 2008 · Summary. When the Second Empire succumbed to the Prussian onslaught the French had already been established in North Africa for forty years. Even before the conquest of Algeria had been completed, they had advanced into the Sahara, and occupied the great northern oases. Morocco had managed to preserve its independence by a policy of systematic ... Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa.Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.It is considered part of the Maghreb region of North Africa.The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb (Arabic: الْفَتْحُ الإسلَامِيُّ لِلْمَغرِب) was a series of three invasions by which the Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates took control of lands formerly comprising Byzantine North Africa, which was at that point organised as the Exarchate of Africa.It commenced in 647 and concluded in 709, when the Byzantine Empire lost its …Clothing of African Cultures The evolution of African clothing is difficult to trace because of the lack of historical evidence. Although artifacts from Egyptian culture date back to before 3000 b.c.e., no similar evidence is available for the majority of the African continent until the mid-twentieth century. Sources from Arab culture refer to the people of northern Africa by the eighth ...Morocco, a country known for its vibrant culture, stunning landscapes, and rich history, is a popular travel destination for tourists from around the world. Morocco is situated in the northwest corner of Africa, sharing borders with Algeria...Responses to Rising Antisemitism and Antisemitic Legislation in North Africa. Explore how power structures established through the European colonization of North African countries influenced the fate of North African Jewry during the Holocaust and ways in which individuals and groups responded to rising antisemitism. Lesson.Johannesburg, city, Gauteng province, South Africa, that is the country's chief industrial and financial metropolis. One of the youngest of the world's major cities, Johannesburg was founded in 1886, following the discovery of gold. Read and learn more about Johannesburg here.Muslim North Africa: from642: The Arab conquest of Egypt and North Africa begins with the arrival of an army in640 in front of the Byzantine fortified town of Babylon (in the area which is now Old Cairo). The Arabs capture it after a siege and establish their own garrison town just to the east, calling it Al Fustat. The characteristics of contemporary poetry in Africa are described, by various sources, as having a distinct influence from African current events and recent history, including such themes as postimperialism, cultural upheaval and violence.African clothing is the traditional clothing worn by the people of Africa. ... Moda Fashion na Africa history This page was last edited on 18 October 2023, at 06:21 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution …

The areas of North Africa that have retained the Berber language and traditions best have been, in general, Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia. ... and is rooted in the entire history and geography of North Africa. Berbers are not an entirely homogeneous ethnicity, and they include a range of societies, ancestries, and lifestyles. The unifying ...

"Autonomous Muslim Berber powers define the late medieval period (1000-1400 A.D.) in western North Africa. Despite periods of struggle among different dynasties, the entire region is united under Almohad rule. Later, under the Hafsids in the east and Marinids in the west, the Maghrib enjoys stability. Patronage and the creation of metropolitan centers such as Fez, Marrakesh, and Tunis ...African Cooking and African History 3 In Africa, as in other world areas, cookery is a stage for performance (by the cook) and audience (family, neighbors, and guests), who respond by eating and appreciating it. In Africa, women were almost always the per-formers, and techniques of cooking remained women's specialized knowl-edge.Berber, self-name Amazigh, plural Imazighen, any of the descendants of the pre-Arab inhabitants of North Africa. The Berbers live in scattered communities across Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Mali, Niger, and Mauritania. They speak various Amazigh languages belonging to the Afro-Asiatic family related to ancient Egyptian. Why one of the richest nations in North Africa is a failed state—The tragedy of Libya Duration: 28 minutes 57 seconds 28 m Published: 8 Oct 2023 Sun 8 Oct 2023 at 1:00am / with Annabelle QuinceA reference volume on the geology of North Africa, this volume deals with Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. In great detail the geology, tectonic elements, the geology of the Pan-African Shield, the Phanerozoic geological evolution and most of the lithostratigrahpic units of the five countries are described. Moreover, the petroleum geology and petroleum systems are discussed, as well ...1965), Jamil Abun-Nasr is well qualified to write a general history of North Africa. His latest book, A History of the Maghrib, breaks new ground in several ways. First of all, picking up the story where Julien leaves off, he has devoted roughly half of his book to the period from 1830-1960. In so doing, he provides the first summary in English ...Clothing of African Cultures The evolution of African clothing is difficult to trace because of the lack of historical evidence. Although artifacts from Egyptian culture date back to before 3000 b.c.e., no similar evidence is available for the majority of the African continent until the mid-twentieth century. Sources from Arab culture refer to the people of northern …The history of Africa and the Middle East from the ancient era to 2016. It should be noted that this video does not cover every year before the year 600.----...

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Laurie calhoun.

112 pages : 24 cm. Offers a chronological history of North Africa and provides an overview of the climate, geography, and the people of the region. Includes bibliographical references (page 108) and index. Region -- History -- Prehistory to the Iron Age -- Kingdoms of the Nile -- Egyptian conflict -- Berbers and Phoenicians -- Roman North ...North Africa was a remarkably prosperous territory throughout its ancient history and under Roman rule achieved a level of affluence to which the physical remains attest. It was the birthplace of the Severan dynasty (late second to third centuries CE) and the home of such literati as Terence, Apuleius, Tertullian, and St. Augustine.The long coastline of North Africa is lined with many ancient (and often well-preserved) ancient Greco-Roman cities.One of these notable ancient cities is the ancient Phoenician-turned-Roman city ...The designation North Africa is also associated with this region of the continent. It refers to a smaller geographical area than that embraced by the term northern Africa—namely the countries of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, a region known by the French during colonial times as Afrique du Nord and by the Arabs as the Maghrib (“West”).1. youth learned discipline, service, and leadership. 2. prevented any family from getting too much control. 3. mark the movement from one stage of life to the next. what role did Islam play in the political history of North Africa? Muslims rules Egypt and in their states they set up theocracies.The Berber peoples of North Africa had often served as a federates (auxiliaries) to the Roman Army. ... "Of all the early Muslim conquests, that of Egypt was the swiftest and most complete. [...] Seldom in history can so massive a political change have happened so swiftly and been so long lasting." ...A reconstruction of Herodotus' ( c. 484-425 BC) map of the world, showing North Africa marked as Libya. Image source: www.mlahanas.de. For most of its history, the Roman word 'Africa' was not used to describe the continent as a whole, but rather only a very small section of North Africa, what today constitutes the northern parts of Tunisia.Mar 28, 2008 · 1 The legacy of prehistory: an essay on the background to the individuality of African cultures; 2 North Africa in the period of Phoenician and Greek colonization, c. 800 to 323 BC; 3 North Africa in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, 323 BC to AD 305; 4 The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c.ad 600 Clothing of African Cultures The evolution of African clothing is difficult to trace because of the lack of historical evidence. Although artifacts from Egyptian culture date back to before 3000 b.c.e., no similar evidence is available for the majority of the African continent until the mid-twentieth century. Sources from Arab culture refer to the people of northern Africa by the eighth ...Oct 20, 2023 · Morocco, mountainous country of western North Africa that lies directly across the Strait of Gibraltar from Spain. Morocco’s largest city and major Atlantic Ocean port is Casablanca. The capital, Rabat, lies a short distance to the north on the Atlantic coast. Yellow seal silver certificates are commonly called North Africa notes by currency collectors. North Africa notes consist of the series of 1935A $1 note, series of 1934A $5 note, series of 1934 $10 note, and the series of 1934A $10 note - all of which have a yellow seal. In 1942 the United States troops were heavily involved in the North ... ….

Johannesburg, city, Gauteng province, South Africa, that is the country's chief industrial and financial metropolis. One of the youngest of the world's major cities, Johannesburg was founded in 1886, following the discovery of gold. Read and learn more about Johannesburg here.North Africa and Southwest Asia is a region of the world that is the cradle of ancient civilizations and modern religions, but where resources are limited and unevenly distributed. Religious tension and political conflict have persisted. Some groups like ISIS have taken advantage of instability and valuable resources like oil to carve out ...Genetic data from present-day populations (11-13) suggests that North African ancestry has contributions from four main sources: (i) an autochthonous Maghrebi component related to a back migration to Africa ∼12,000 y ago from Eurasia; (ii) a Middle Eastern component probably associated with the Arab conquest; (iii) a sub-Saharan component derived from trans-Saharan migrations; and (iv) a ...The North Africa campaigns were a series of World War II battles for control of the Suez Canal, a vital lifeline for Britain's colonial empire, and the oil resources of the Middle East. Learn more about the history and significance of the North Africa campaigns in this article.Background Complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome analyses have greatly improved the phylogeny and phylogeography of human mtDNA. Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U6 has been considered as a molecular signal of a Paleolithic return to North Africa of modern humans from southwestern Asia. Results Using 230 complete sequences we have refined the U6 phylogeny, and improved the ...Berber, any of the descendants of the pre-Arab inhabitants of North Africa. The Berbers live in scattered communities across Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Mali, Niger, …Africa is often seen as a continent of mass migration and displacement caused by poverty, violent conflict and environmental stress. Yet such perceptions are based on stereotypes rather than theoretically informed empirical research. Drawing on the migration and visa databases from the Determinants of International Migration (DEMIG …12. During Roman times North-Western Africa had a thriving Christian community, giving birth to Saint Augustine and a long lasting heresy. This is similar to many Christian communities of the time, from Egypt to Syria. Today, Christianity disappeared so thoroughly from the region as to leave no traces, while it still exists in Egypt and Syria. History of north africa, AFRICA, NORTH: HISTORY OF DRESSNorth Africa comprises Egypt and the lands to its west, known in Arabic as al-Maghrib, literally "the place of sunset": Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco. These political divisions were essentially established by the Ottomans in the sixteenth century, but throughout history this part of Africa has been affected by, and has had a profound effect upon, the ..., The history of North Africa has been whitewashed. The region has a rich history, with different ethnic groups mingling over time. It turned into a massive melting pot. Unfortunately, this resulted in the erasure of the representation of the indigenous peoples. So when we try to revive the ancient image of the region, we are trying to heal a trauma., A new genetic analysis has reconstructed the history of North Africa's Jews, showing that these populations date to biblical-era Israel and are not largely the descendants of natives who converted ..., Monday January 9th, 2023, at 10:59 AM. In Africa yesterday. In the early 1940s, North Africa was in the hands of Vichy France, Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany. A tragic and painful period for the local populations. A little over eighty years ago, in November 1942, the Nazis occupied Tunisia. For the next six months, Tunisian Jews and Muslims ..., The North African nation of Libya covers 1,759,541 km 2 of land area. Ninety percent of this land area is covered in the Libyan Desert. Despite its size, Libya has a small population relative to other African nations. The 2013 estimate showed that 6,411,776 persons lived in Libya. The economy of Libya is largely dependent on the oil industry., The History Of African Tattoos. For many thousands of years, tattoos were seen as a way of curing disease, protecting against spirits, showing affiliation towards certain groups/tribes, and reflecting personality traits such as bravery, courage, and social status. These tattoos were predictably very simple in design., The Ruwenzori Range, Atlas Mountains, Virunga Mountains and Aïr Massif are mountain ranges in Africa. The Ruwenzori Range stretches roughly 80 miles along the north-south border of Uganda and Congo., Trade among European and African precolonial nations developed relatively recently in the economic history of the African continent. Prior to the European voyages of exploration in the fifteenth century, African rulers and merchants had established trade links with the Mediterranean world, western Asia, and the Indian Ocean region. Within the continent itself, local exchanges among adjacent ..., North African music has a long and rich history, and it has been a significant influence on the music of France. North African music is characterized by its use of the Arabic language, its focus on the oud and other traditional instruments, and its use of the maqam musical scale. North African music has been popular in France since the early 20th century, when it was introduced by artists such ..., History of Aviation in Africa Millions of people pass through Africa's airports every day. ... Cairo International Airport is Egypt's busiest airport and a key transportation hub in North Africa. It is the primary international gateway to Egypt and one of the 10 largest airports in Africa. It is located northeast of Cairo's city center., 12. During Roman times North-Western Africa had a thriving Christian community, giving birth to Saint Augustine and a long lasting heresy. This is similar to many Christian communities of the time, from Egypt to Syria. Today, Christianity disappeared so thoroughly from the region as to leave no traces, while it still exists in Egypt and Syria., North Africa is an important area in the history of the evolution of our species. The geography of North Africa also makes it an interesting area for studying how humans expanded out of Africa., Africa, the second largest continent, covering about one-fifth of the total land surface of Earth. Africa’s total land area is approximately 11,724,000 square miles (30,365,000 square km), and the continent measures about 5,000 miles (8,000 km) from north to south and about 4,600 miles (7,400 km) from east to west., Why one of the richest nations in North Africa is a failed state—The tragedy of Libya Duration: 28 minutes 57 seconds 28 m Published: 8 Oct 2023 Sun 8 Oct 2023 at 1:00am / with Annabelle Quince, The north African coast remains from now on in Muslim hands, but it proves impossible to exercise effective control over it from the centre of the caliphate - whether in Damascus or Baghdad. Instead various local Berber dynasties win power. These include the Idrisids (established from 790 in Fez) and the Aghlabids (ruling from 800 in Kairouan)., Casualties and losses. The North African campaign of the Second World War took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943. It included campaigns fought in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts ( Western Desert campaign, also known as the Desert War) and in Morocco and Algeria ( Operation Torch ), as well as Tunisia ( Tunisia campaign )., North Africa - Arab Conquest, Colonization, Decolonization: After the Arabs completed the conquest of Egypt in 642, they started to raid the Berber (Amazigh) territory to its west, which they called Bilād al-Maghrib ("Lands of the West") or simply the Maghrib. In 705 this region became a province of the Muslim empire then ruled from Damascus by the Umayyad caliphs (661-750)., 15 Things You Did Not Know About the Moors of Spain. 1. The Spanish occupation by the Moors began in 711 AD when an African army, under their leader Tariq ibn-Ziyad, crossed the Strait of Gibraltar from northern Africa and invaded the Iberian peninsula 'Andalus' (Spain under the Visigoths). 2., Following the conquest of North Africa by Muslim Arabs in the 7th century CE, Islam spread throughout West Africa via merchants, traders, scholars, and missionaries, that is largely through peaceful means whereby African rulers either tolerated the religion or converted to it themselves. In this way, Islam spread across and around the Sahara Desert. In addition, the religion arrived in East ..., The territory of the Roman Empire stretched beyond the borders of Europe, all the way to Africa. Timgad was one of the vast empire's colonial cities. Built around 100 AD, Timgad was founded by Emperor Trajan, who ruled between 98 AD and 117 AD. The city was built in modern-day Algeria as "Colonia Marciana Ulpia Traiana Thamugadi" in …, The Berber peoples of North Africa had often served as a federates (auxiliaries) to the Roman Army. ... "Of all the early Muslim conquests, that of Egypt was the swiftest and most complete. [...] Seldom in history can so massive a political change have happened so swiftly and been so long lasting." ..., 1 day ago · Home Quizzes & Games History & Society Science & Tech Biographies Animals & Nature Geography & Travel Arts & Culture Money Videos. Sahara, largest desert in the world. Filling nearly all of northern Africa, it measures approximately 3,000 miles (4,800 km) from east to west and between 800 to 1,200 miles from north to south and has a total area ... , North Africa - Colonization, Decolonization, Conflict: The French capture of Algiers in 1830, followed by the Ottoman reoccupation of Tripoli in 1835, rudely interrupted the attempts of North Africa's rulers to follow the example of Muḥammad ʿAlī, the pasha of Egypt, and increase their power along European lines. Of the four powers in North Africa at the beginning of the 19th century ..., History of North Africa (3500 B.C.E.-1850 C.E.) Ancient Egypt. Africa's earliest evidence of written history was in Ancient Egypt, and the Egyptian calendar is still used as the standard for dating Bronze Age and Iron Age cultures throughout the region., The territory of the Roman Empire stretched beyond the borders of Europe, all the way to Africa. Timgad was one of the vast empire's colonial cities. Built around 100 AD, Timgad was founded by Emperor Trajan, who ruled between 98 AD and 117 AD. The city was built in modern-day Algeria as "Colonia Marciana Ulpia Traiana Thamugadi" in memory of ..., North Africa was a remarkably prosperous territory throughout its ancient history and under Roman rule achieved a level of affluence to which the physical remains attest. It was the birthplace of the Severan dynasty (late second to third centuries CE) and the home of such literati as Terence, Apuleius, Tertullian, and St. Augustine., Byzantine Africa: 6th - 7th century. The expansionist energy of Justinian in Constantinople, and of his great general Belisarius in the field, brings the whole of the North African coast back under Roman rule for one final century. In 533 Belisarius defeats the Vandals in battle, captures their king and enters Carthage unopposed., 1 The legacy of prehistory: an essay on the background to the individuality of African cultures; 2 North Africa in the period of Phoenician and Greek colonization, c. 800 to 323 BC; 3 North Africa in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, 323 BC to AD 305; 4 The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c.ad 600, Cultures of Mapmaking. Documents of a Material Culture. Cultural Ecology as a Reunion. History of Africa. Economic History. Archaeology and Prehistory. Separated from the rest of Africa by the SAHARA DESERT, …, Several slave owning societies existed within Africa throughout it's history. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, "18 million Africans were delivered into the Islamic trans-Saharan and Indian Ocean slave trades between 650 and 1905." In the North American slave trade Africa sent about 7-10 million slaves to North America., North Africa: History and Cultures. Separated from the rest of Africa by the SAHARA DESERT, the peoples of North Africa share a language and many cultural, political, and economic traditions. The term North Africa refers to the modern states of EGYPT, LIBYA, TUNISIA, ALGERIA, and MOROCCO, as well as the territory of WESTERN SAHARA., The Phoenicians (800bc) built the powerful city of Carthage (now Tunisia). This fell under Roman rule and by 400 AD most North Africans had converted to Christianity. What transformed North Africa religion, culture and language. The arrival of Arab Muslims from Southwest Asia. What are followers of Islam called., Genetic data from present-day populations (11-13) suggests that North African ancestry has contributions from four main sources: (i) an autochthonous Maghrebi component related to a back migration to Africa ∼12,000 y ago from Eurasia; (ii) a Middle Eastern component probably associated with the Arab conquest; (iii) a sub-Saharan component derived from trans-Saharan migrations; and (iv) a ...